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	Chris Ault cault@qnx.com Total cost of ownership Linux vs. QNX - Part3 The Linux OS provides for open access to its source code. This has led some to choose Linux as a viable development platform, on the perceived basis that its cost is less than commercial alternatives. To examine this, we present a three-part whitepaper series that closely examines the total cost of ownership of Linux and how that compares to a commercial off-the-shelf realtime operating system like QNX. In Part 3 we examine the challenges of certifying a Linux-based system. Read More... February 2016 Download Chris Ault cault@qnx.com Total cost of ownership Linux vs. QNX - Part 2 The Linux OS provides for open access to its source code. This has led some to choose Linux as a viable development platform, on the perceived basis that its cost is less than commercial alternatives. To examine this, we present a three-part whitepaper series that closely examines the total cost of ownership of Linux and how that compares to a commercial off-the-shelf realtime operating system like QNX. In Part 2 we examine the costs of maintaining Linux. Read More... February 2016 Download Chris Ault cault@qnx.com Total cost of ownership Linux vs. QNX - Part1 The Linux OS provides for open access to its source code. This has led some to choose Linux as a viable development platform, on the perceived basis that its cost is less than commercial alternatives. To examine this, we present a three-part whitepaper series that closely examines the total cost of ownership of Linux and how that compares to a commercial off-the-shelf realtime operating system like QNX. In Part 1 we examine upfront costs, selecting the right version, and time to market. Read More... January 2016 Download Yi Zheng yzheng@qnx.com Architectures for ISO 26262 systems with multiple ASIL requirements To satisfy consumer demand while building better cars and controlling costs, automakers are consolidating multiple in-vehicle systems onto one board. This consolidation creates problems, however. In particular, automakers must find a way to incorporate into the same system components running consumer-grade applications, and components whose dependability and freedom from undesired interference must be rigorously engineered and proven. Read More... September 2014 Download Tina Jeffrey tjeffrey@qnx.com Building Flexible, Future-Proof Infotainment Systems New smartphones come to market every month, and new mobile apps come out every hour, whereas infotainment systems must operate for 10 years or more. So how can an infotainment system designed today work with phones or apps created tomorrow? There is, of course, no single connectivity solution to address the problem. An infotainment system design must therefore possess the flexibility to accommodate the inevitable evolution of the mobile market. The alternative is early obsolescence. Read More... June 2014 Download Tina Jeffrey tjeffrey@qnx.com A Software-Based Approach to Active Noise Control in Automobiles To reduce engine noise caused by fuel-saving techniques like variable cylinder management, automakers use active noise control, which plays “anti-noise” over the car's loudspeakers. However, existing ANC systems require dedicated hardware, adding design complexity and significant BOM costs. This paper examines how software-based ANC that runs on existing hardware in a car's infotainment or audio system can reduce costs significantly while offering better performance and design flexibility. Read More... March 2014 Download Tina Jeffrey tjeffrey@qnx.com In for the long term: what HTML5 means to the auto industry HTML5 has become the most widely supported platform for mobile app development, giving auto companies access to a vast pool of developers and applications. It is also OS and hardware neutral, enabling companies to avoid vendor lock-in and to choose platforms that offer the greatest speed, reliability, or flexibility. Moreover, HTML5 can work in concert with other HMI technologies. Developers can, for example, build an HMI with a native toolkit and blend it seamlessly with HTML5 content and apps. Read More... February 2014 Download Andrew Poliak apoliak@qnx.com Open Standards and Product Differentiation With the increasing value of in-vehicle infotainment systems, the role of open software standards has never been more important to automakers. Unfortunately, misconceptions this remain: that open standards preclude product differentiation; that they are incompatible with “proprietary” software platforms; and that open source platforms are needed to avoid vendor lock-in and access programming talent. In fact, open standards often offer the best approach to realizing these benefits. Read More... May 2013 Download Tina Jeffrey tjeffrey@qnx.com Chris Ault cault@qnx.com Client-side Challenges of M2M-enabled Updates for Mobile Embedded Systems The number and diversity of current and possible M2M implementations in cars make them an excellent paradigms for examining issues of software and firmware upgrades to mobile and embedded platforms. All things being equal on the server side and with the network infrastructure (they are reliable and secure), M2M-enabled updates to automotive systems present three major client-side challenges: safety-related components, limited computing resources, and connectivity. Read More... April 2013 Download Chris Hobbs chobbs@qnx.com The Dangers of Over-Engineering a Safe System Attempts to increase dependability of a specific component without considering the question of overall system dependability may lead to the introduction of new problems. We examine the effect on dependability of adding software error detection to a 2oo2 system, consider the benefits and adverse consequences of this addition, and suggest other approaches to improving dependability. Read More... April 2013 Download Chris Hobbs chobbs@qnx.com Yi Zheng yzheng@qnx.com Protecting Software Components from Interference in an ISO 26262 System Automobile safety often depends on the correct operation of software-based systems constructed from many different components. Good design requires that these components be isolated from each other on multiple axes so that they do not inadvertently interfere with each other. In this paper we present techniques that can help a) ensure that a system implements the component isolation required by ISO 26262, and b) demonstrate that this isolation has been implemented. Read More... March 2013 Download Phil Hetherington phetherington@qnx.com Andrew Mohan amohan@qnx.com The Essentials of Automotive Hands-Free Systems This paper attempts to facilitate the task of choosing a hands-free system by describing key features and characteristics that contribute to system performance. After describing these features and characteristics, it presents a checklist which OEMs and Tier 1 manufacturers considering an automotive hands-free system for their vehicles can use to help them make their choices. Read More... January 2013 Download Yi Zheng yzheng@qnx.com Chris Hobbs chobbs@qnx.com Ten Truths about Building Safe Embedded Software Systems Obtaining safety certifications and approvals for safety-related systems and the larger systems, devices, components, machinery, and vehicles in which they reside is an arduous and costly undertaking. If the projects developing these systems are to be successful, manufacturers must look beyond the strictly technical challenges, and focus also on the environment and culture needed to develop safe software systems. Read More... December 2012 Download Scott Pennock spennock@qnx.com In-Vehicle Spatial Auditory Displays: Reducing reaction times, errors and cognitive load Spatial Auditory Displays (SADs) can help provide both a more agreeable and a safer driving experience. Among their benefits are reduction of reaction times, errors and cognitive load. By providing drivers with auditory clues that associate different activities and instructions with specific locations, spatial auditory displays help drivers “intuitively” identify speakers, the sources of instructions, and even the location and relative trajectory and velocity of danger. Read More... August 2012 Download Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Kerry Johnson kjohnson@qnx.com HTML5-Hardware Communication with PPS Messaging HMIs developed with HTML5 reside in a high-level, virtualized environment but often need to access hardware. Writing specific interfaces to communicate between the HMI and each low-level service is costly. A better approach is to use an HMI-agnostic messaging model such as Persistent Publish/Subscribe (PPS). PPS provides a simple and effective way for the HMI to communicate with low-level components and the vehicle hardware. Read More... June 2012 Download Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Marc Lapierre mlapierre@qnx.com Why HTML5 Is Becoming the HMI Technology of Choice Information about HTML5 ranges from the W3C documents themselves to business cases, evangelists’ musing, and seemingly innumerable how-to articles and tutorials chock full of code samples. This whitepaper attempts to bridge the gap between the musings and the tutorials, and present an overview of HTML5 that will be useful to people who are not HTML5 experts, but who are technical enough to understand what we mean by, say, a chromeless browser. Read More... June 2012 Download Scott Pennock spennock@qnx.com Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Situation Awareness: a Holistic Approach to the Driver Distraction Problem There is little doubt that using a cell phone while driving is dangerous, but this practice is only a small part of the problem: 5% of distraction-related accidents resulting in injury, and 18% of these accidents resulting in death. A holistic approach to the problem of driver distraction could be more effective than prohibitions on any one activity, such as cell phone use. Situation Awareness can provide a framework for understanding and reducing driver distraction, whatever its cause. Read More... June 2011 Download Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Kerry Johnson kjohnson@qnx.com Making Sense of the Smartphone-Vehicle Cacophony Automakers must accommodate the long lifecycles of their vehicles and the short lifecycles of smartphones. OEMs, suppliers, and smartphone vendors all seem to agree that the solution involves some sort of integration of the smartphone and the in-vehicle head unit. In this paper we offer brief, non-technical reviews of the available integration solutions: embedded, tethering, cloud services, iPod Out, terminal mode, remote skin, and simple UI protocol. Read More... February 2011 Download Kris Cieplak kcieplak@qnx.com Rapid Development and Reusable Design for the Connected Car In-vehicle systems, and the connected car in particular, bring a host of new challenges to the manufacturing process. These challenges include aligning HMI design with multiple vehicle line branding requirements, safe integration of new applications and technologies, and protecting critical processes in a dynamic system. This paper briefly describes some techniques available for meeting these challenges when designing and building a connected in-vehicle system. Read More... July 2010 Download Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Meeting Early Boot Requirements with the QNX Neutrino RTOS Typically, a full-featured RTOS cannot load and initialize quickly enough to handle early boot deadlines of 100 milliseconds or less. For such deadlines, system designers need a solution such as the QNX instant device activation technology. This paper doesn't cover instant device activation. Rather, it focuses on longer timelines in the order of one second or more, and on optimizing your RTOS and application startup to boot as quickly and efficiently as possible. Read More... November 2009 Download Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Digital Instrument Clusters: Technical Challenges, Market Opportunities Automakers are migrating to digital instrument clusters to reduce costs and enhance the market appeal of their products, while continuing to equip their vehicles with displays that present the vehicle's vital signs in an intuitive, immediately digestible fashion. This paper describes some of the requirements for building digital instrument clusters, and suggests some innovations enabled by this technology. Read More... April 2009 Download Andy Gryc agryc@qnx.com Synchronizing Content from Removable Digital Media To analyze and present metadata, such as song title or artist, a multimedia system uses metadata synchronization. This paper explores several synchronization techniques,and examines techniques for synchronizing metadata from iPods, using either the traditional iPod Access Protocol over serial/USB links, or the newer authentication IC approach. Finally, this paper discusses techniques of data persistence, with a focus on managing the reinsertion of previously inserted media. Read More... April 2009 Download Paul Leroux paull@qnx.com Using Resource Partitioning to Build Secure, Survivable Embedded Systems By providing guaranteed access to system resources, partitioning can ensure the availability of critical services, even when your system experiences a heavy processing load or a denial-of-service attack. Read More... April 2009 Download Other whitepaper topics: Recent, Automotive, German Whitepapers, HMI + Graphics, Industrial, Medical, Multimedia + Acoustics, Networking, Operating Systems, Security + Defense, Safe Systems, Tools